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Abstract: In this work, a high-throughput belief propagation (BP) decoder of polar codes on graphics processing unit (GPU) is proposed for software-defined communication systems. The decoder is ...

Abstract: Polar codes have garnered substantial research attention due to their impressive performance characteristics and have found applications in recent technologies, including 5G New Radio (NR) ...

In this paper, we introduce ML-Decoder, a new attention-based classification head. ML-Decoder predicts the existence of class labels via queries, and enables better utilization of spatial data ...

We note that our work focuses on architectural comparisons rather than competing with recent SLM developments (e.g., SmolLM, MobileLLM). Our analysis isolates the fundamental advantages of ...