For most of us, the word graph brings back memories (not always pleasant) of pencils and rulers and quadrille ruled paper, though a more recent generation may think instead of pie and bar charts ...

Spectral graph theory examines the structural and dynamical properties of graphs by analysing the spectra of associated matrices such as the adjacency matrix, Laplacian, normalised Laplacian and ...

In the evolving landscape of computer science and artificial intelligence, the integration of fuzzy graphs theory and topological indices offers a robust framework for decision-making processes. Fuzzy ...