The word “piezo” derives from the Greek word piezein, meaning “to press tightly”. Piezoelectricity refers to a material’s ability to convert mechanical energy (pressing) into electric energy ...

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is an effective method for examining ferroelectric materials due to its nanometer-level resolution and high sensitivity, inherited from atomic force microscopy ...

Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

Force microscopy is a family of scanning probe microscopy techniques that enable the visualization and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale. These techniques rely on the interaction forces ...

The study of biological systems varies from whole organisms, organs, and organoids, down to their building blocks of proteins and cells. At the lower end of the scale, atomic force microscope (AFM) ...